Abanikazi abaningi bezilwane ezifuywayo bathi ukulala nezilwane zabo ezifuywayo ekamelweni labo akulula futhi kuhle ukulala kwabo, futhi ucwaningo lwango-2017 olwenziwa yiMayo Clinic luthole ukuthi empeleni abantu babenekhwalithi yokulala engcono lapho izilwane zabo ezifuywayo zisegumbini lokulala.Nokho, umbiko ubuye wabonisa ukuthi abanikazi bezilwane ezifuywayo balala kangcono lapho izinja zabo ziphumile embhedeni.Umbhede wenja uwutshalomali olukhulu oluzokunikeza wena nenja yakho ubuthongo obuhle futhi uyinikeze indawo yokuphumula lapho ifuna ukulala noma ukuba yodwa phakathi nosuku.Ngokungafani nezinye izinto ezibalulekile zezinja njengokudla, ukuphatha kanye namathoyizi, umbhede wenja uzohlala iminyaka (uma umdlwane wakho ungawuphuli).
Sikhulume nochwepheshe mayelana nezinzuzo zemibhede yezinja nokuthi yini okufanele uyicabangele lapho uthenga eyodwa ukuze ugcine inja yakho ikhululekile futhi ikhululekile.Siphinde sahlanganisa ezinye zezinketho ezilinganiselwe kakhulu nezinketho ezinconywe ochwepheshe ukuze zibuyekezwe.
Imibhede yezinja ngokobuchwepheshe ayibalulekile empilweni yezinja eziningi, kodwa inikeza indawo enethezekile nephephile ukuze inja iphumule, okungeyakhe kuphela.
”Umbhede wenja unenzuzo yokunikeza inja indawo yomuntu siqu futhi uyenze izizwe iphephile.Kungasiza ngokukhathazeka, ikakhulukazi uma inja idinga ukuhamba, [ngoba] umbhede wayo ungathathwa ukuze ikhululeke futhi ivikeleke.Obaziyo uthe uDkt. Gabrielle Fadl, umqondisi we-Primary Health Care e-Bond Vet uDkt. Joe Wakschlag, uprofesa wezempilo, uthi ochwepheshe basitshela ukuthi umbhede wezinja akufanele ube yimali eningi emidlwaneni nezinja ezinempilo - futhi ngokuvamile kangakanani noma iyiphi inja. umbhede esitolo sakho sendawo uzokwenza iNutrition, Sports Medicine kanye Nokuvuselela eCornell College of Veterinary Medicine.
Umbhede wenja yakho ungaba phansi, ekhejini elivulekile, nanoma yikuphi lapho ehlala khona lapho ezizwa evikelekile futhi ephephile.“Ikhaya futhi liyindawo ephephile, “njengesisekelo” lapho wawudlala khona umacashelana useyingane - uma usendaweni ephansi, akekho ongakubamba,” kusho uSarah Hogan, umqondisi wezokwelapha we-VCA.Ochwepheshe Bezilwane ZaseCalifornia (uSarah Hoggan, Ph.D. – Murieta. “Uma bekhathele futhi bengafuni ukudlala, bangalala [batshele] umndeni ukuthi bafuna ukuphumula,” wanezela. bayolala lapho bezizwa becindezelekile , ikakhulukazi nezivakashi, izingane noma abantu abadala abajabule.
Nakuba abantu abaningi bekhetha ukwabelana ngombhede nezilwane zabo ezifuywayo, lokhu kungaba yingozi ezinjeni uma zisencane kakhulu noma zine-arthritis, ikakhulukazi uma zisembhedeni ophakanyisiwe.“Imilenze yomdlwane ingama-intshi angu-6 kuya kwangu-8 kuphela ubude kanti ubude bombhede obujwayelekile bungama-intshi angu-24 – omatilasi abahle bavame ukuba bade.Ukugxuma kusuka kathathu kuya kane ubude bemilenze yabo kungabalimaza kalula,” kusho uHogan.Ngisho noma umonakalo ungasheshi, umsebenzi oweqile ungababeka phambili emhlane kanye ne-joint arthritis besebancane.Ezifuyweni ezinkulu, noma yikuphi ukugxuma okuphindaphindayo kungabangela isifo samathambo.“Kuphephe kakhudlwana futhi kukhululeke kakhudlwana ukuba nombhede wakho ophansi okulula ukungena nokuphuma kuwo,” kusho uHogan.
Ngezansi, sihlanganise izincomo zochwepheshe kanye nokukhethwa kwemibhede yezinja eyintandokazi ukuze ifanele izidingo nezintandokazi zesilwane sakho esifuywayo.Umbhede ngamunye ongezansi ufika nekhava ekhiphekayo, egezekayo njengoba kunconywe ochwepheshe bethu futhi, ngaphandle kwalapho kuphawulwe ngenye indlela, iza ngosayizi abahlukahlukene ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inja yakho ihlala inethezekile embhedeni.
I-Waxlag ikholelwa ukuthi i-Casper Dog Bed iyinketho ephephile ezinjeni eziningi ngoba yenziwe ngegwebu lenkumbulo elihlinzeka ngokusekela amalunga nezinqulu futhi lisize ekudambiseni ingcindezi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuphinde kube yindlela yokugcina inja yakho ijabulile: ngokohlobo, ungqimba lwayo olwengeziwe lwempahla ye-microfiber egezekayo iklanyelwe ukulingisa umuzwa wozipho lokungcola okuxekethile ukuze ikwazi ukuhambisa izidladla zayo ngaphandle kokuyonakalisa.Lapho zilala, kukhona ama-foam pads ezinhlangothini asebenza njengama-cushions asekelayo.Umbhede ufika ngosayizi abathathu: omncane wezinja kufika kumakhilogremu angu-30, ophakathi kwezinja kufika kumakhilogremu angu-60, futhi omkhulu wezinja kufika kumakhilogremu angu-90.
Izinja ezincane - imvamisa lezo ezinesisindo esingaphansi kwamakhilogremu angu-30 - "ngokuvamile zithanda imibhede enemiphetho ephakanyisiwe ngisho namaphakethe aphansi," kusho u-Angie, umqeqeshi wezinja oqinisekisiwe kanye nokuziphatha kwezinja, u-Angela Logsdon-Hoover.Uma unenja encane, i-Cozy Cuddler iyisinqumo esihle sokuyisiza izizwe iphephile futhi ingakhathazeki kangako ngenkathi iseholidini.Nge-duvet eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, izindonga zoboya be-faux eziguqukayo kanye nengaphakathi eliwubukhazikhazi, lo mbhede uvumela inja yakho ukuthi ibhoboze.noma welule ngokophawu.Yize i-duvet ingakhipheki, uhlobo luthi wonke umbhede ungawashwa ngomshini.
UBig Barker wenza imibhede yezinja ezinkulu ezinesisindo esiphakathi kwamakhilogremu angu-50 no-250 futhi unikeza izinhlobo ezintathu zemibhede engunxande: umbhede wehip, umbhede onama-headrest, nombhede usofa, eyokugcina enemicamelo ezinhlangothini ezintathu kwezine.Umbhede ngamunye uza nesembozo se-faux suede egezeka ngomshini esenziwe ngegwebu lobunikazi bomkhiqizo, okuthiwa siklanyelwe ukusekela amajika okucindezela ezinja ezinkulu.(Inja enkulu ithathwa njengenja ephakathi kuka-75 no-100 wamakhilogremu, ngokusho kukaDkt. Dana Varble, udokotela omkhulu wezilwane wenhlangano engenzi nzuzo yaseNorth American Veterinary Medical Association.) Lo mkhiqizo uthi uhlinzeka ngegwebu lamahhala uma igwebu licwila noma licwila endaweni ezungezile. intamo.ngaphakathi.buyisela.Iminyaka engu-10.Umbhede utholakala ngosayizi abathathu (Queen, XL kanye neJumbo) nemibala emine.
Umbhede wenja ethambile ye-Frisco umbhede wami oyintandokazi ka-Havachon Bella wamakhilogremu angu-16.Uthanda ukulalisa ikhanda ezinhlangothini ezisekelwe lapho elele, noma avele afihle ubuso bakhe emfantwini wombhede.I-ultra-luxury upholstery yalo mbhede yenza kube indawo ekhululekile yokuphumula phakathi nosuku.Indwangu yangaphandle iyi-soft faux suede e-khaki engathathi hlangothi, eluhlaza noma ensundu.Umbhede utholakala ngosayizi abathathu: mncane (6.5″ high), medium (9″ high) kanye nendlovukazi (10″ high).
Umbhede wenja ye-Yeti ubiza kakhulu, kodwa empeleni unemibhede emibili kowodwa: unesisekelo esinamacushion emaphethelweni ukuze inja yakho ikwazi ukulala endlini, kanye ne-ottoman ehlakazekayo engasetshenziswa njengombhede wezinja ophathwayo uma uthatha. naye nawe.mngani onoboya emgwaqeni.Ngokusho komkhiqizo, ukugeza isembozo sendwangu emshinini wokuwasha, umane uyivule futhi uyisuse esisekelweni kanye ne-road mat - i-underside ye-road mat nayo ayinamanzi, kuyilapho ungqimba olungaphansi lwe-EVA olubunjiwe lwesisekelo sasekhaya ungangeni manzi.Ngokusho kuka-Yeti, uzinzile.Ngokungafani nezinye izinketho kulolu hlu, umbhede wenja ye-YETI uza ngosayizi owodwa kuphela, isisekelo singama-intshi angu-39 ubude nama-intshi angu-29 ububanzi, ngokusho komkhiqizo.Umhleli omkhulu okhethiwe uMorgan Greenwald ugcinela inja yakhe engu-54 pounds umbhede, u-Susie, futhi uthi ukuphela kombhede angakawubhidlizi (okwamanje).
U-Nelson uphinde ancome lo mbhede wamathambo ovela ku-Orvis, onomcamelo ogcwele i-polyester enamacala amathathu, umcamelo wegwebu owugqinsi ongu-3.5-intshi, kanye nengaphambili eliphansi elivulekile ukuze izinja ezindala zifinyelele kalula.brand Faka futhi uvale kalula.U-Orvis uthi futhi iqukethe i-hypoallergenic, ulayini oluvikela amanzi kanye nekhava yefenisha eqinile eqaqa iziphu ukuze ufinyeleleke kalula.Umbhede utholakala ngosayizi abane, kusukela komncane wezinja ezingaphansi kwamakhilogremu angu-40 ukuya komkhulu ngokwengeziwe wezinja ezinesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-90 noma ngaphezulu, futhi utholakala ngemibala eyisishiyagalombili ehlukene.
Lo mbhede ovela e-Furhaven unomklamo omise okwe-L onemicamelo yokujikijela futhi, ngokusho komkhiqizo, "usofa wekhona" wesilwane sakho.Ngokusho komkhiqizo, igoqwe nge-suede okulula ukuyihlanza futhi inoboya be-faux obuningi ukuze ugcine isilwane sakho sikhululekile.Ine-orthopedic foam padding yokwesekwa, ochwepheshe abathi ingaba usizo ezinjeni ezindala.Umbhede utholakala ngamasayizi asukela kwabancane (abadlwane abafika kumakhilogremu angu-20) kuya koba mkhulu (ngezinja kufika kumakhilogremu angu-125).Ukuma kukanxande kombhede kukwenza kube inketho ekahle yokuyibeka ekhoneni legumbi eliyintandokazi yenja yakho, futhi usayizi wayo we-Jumbo Plus “ulungele inja enkulu njenge-Chance, nakuba ikati lami lithanda ukwelula nalo.”
UDkt. Kristen Nelson, udokotela wezilwane kanye nombhali wencwadi ethi In Fur: Life as a Veterinarian, uthi i-golden retriever yakhe u-Sally ithanda ukulala kulo matilasi we-LLBean uma kubanda ngoba ifudumele futhi iyawasheka.ingahlakazwa ukuze kuhlanzwe kalula.Umbhede uza nezinhlangothi ezintathu zokusekela ezinikeza indawo yokuphumula kwenja.Umbhede ufika ngosayizi abane, kusukela kwabancane (ngezinja ezinesisindo esingafika kumakhilogremu angu-25) ukuya kobukhulu kakhulu (ngezinja ezinesisindo esingamaphawundi angu-90 nangaphezulu).Uma ukhetha uboya bezimvu obungasekelwe, i-LLBean inikeza umbhede ongunxande ogxunyekiwe.
Umhleli wezokuxhumana ofakiwe uSadhana Daruvuri uthi inja yakhe u-Bandit ithanda umbhede oyindilinga othokomele kusukela ngosuku eyafika ngalo ekhaya - ithanda ukuzisonga kuwo lapho ilala emini noma idlala ngamathoyizi ayo.“Ngithanda ukuthi kulula kangakanani ukuhlanza,” kusho uDaruwuri."Ngivele ngilayishe emshinini wokuwasha ngomjikelezo omnene."Ngokusho komkhiqizo, umbhede umbozwe nge-vegan shag futhi unemifantu ejulile ukuze isilwane sakho simbe.Umkhiqizo uthi utholakala ngosayizi abahlanu, kusukela kwencane kunazo zonke ezifuywayo kufika kumakhilogremu angu-7 ukuya kwenkulu kunazo zonke ezifuywayo ezingafika kumaphawundi angu-150.Ungakwazi futhi ukukhetha emibaleni emine ohlanganisa iTaupe (beige), Frost (white), Ushokoledi Omnyama (unsundu ngokumnyama) kanye neMarshmallow (pink).
Imisebenzi yangaphandle yasegcekeni noma uhambo lokukhempa ludinga umbhede ongavimbeli amanzi kuphela, kodwa futhi okwazi ukumelana nezakhi futhi ugcine inja yakho iphephile - lo mbhede ongawasheki, ophathwayo futhi ongenamanzi uhambisana nesikweletu.Umbhali odumile uZoe Malin uthe inja yakhe uChance ithanda ukuchitha isikhathi nomndeni wayo, ngakho bamthengela lo mbhede, bawubeka kuvulandi base bewukhiphela egcekeni.“Kungcola ngempela, kodwa ungasikhumula isivalo usisule, okuyinto enhle,” usho kanje.Ngokusho komkhiqizo, i-upholstery yangaphakathi yombhede yenziwe ngegwebu lememori ye-4-inch thermoregulating gel futhi ifaka i-coating engangeni manzi noziphu ukuze imelane nezakhi.Ngokusho komkhiqizo, ubukhulu obuphakathi bufanele izinja ezinesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-40, ubukhulu obukhulu bufanele izinja ezinesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-65, futhi ubukhulu be-XL bufanele izinja ezinesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-120.
I-Kuranda Standard Dog Bed ingenye yezintandokazi zikaNelson ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okumangalisayo.Uthi: “Ngesikhathi [uSally] esengumdlwane, okuwukuphela kombhede ayengawuhlafuni kwakuwumbhede kaKuranda wasesiteji.Ngokomkhiqizo, umbhede uklanyelwe izinja ezinesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-100, ungasetshenziswa ngaphakathi nangaphandle, futhi unohlaka oluqinile, olukwazi ukumelana ne-polypolymer olumelana nokufiphala emisebeni yelanga nemisebe ye-UV.Iphinde ilungele noma yisiphi isimo sezulu: uhlobo luthi ukuzungeza komoya ngaphansi kombhede kusiza inja ukuthi ihlale ipholile ehlobo futhi iyisuse endaweni ebandayo ebusika.Ungakhetha kosayizi abahlukene abayisithupha, izinhlobo ezine zezindwangu ezihlukene (okuhlanganisa i-vinyl duty esindayo, inayiloni ebushelelezi, inayiloni eqoshiwe kanye nemeshi yangaphandle) nemibala emithathu yendwangu.
Uma ufuna umbhede olula wenja enempilo noma umdlwane, ochwepheshe bethu bathi imibhede eminingi izoba yisinqumo esihle futhi esinethezekile.Ifaka iphethini ye-chevron ejabulisayo nesembozo esiwashekayo, lokhu okuhlukile kutholakala ngamasayizi amane ukusuka kwabancane kuye kwabakhulu kakhulu.“Noma ubani onelebhu uyazi ukuthi yonke into iphenduka ithoyizi lokuhlafunwa, okuhlanganisa nombhede, [futhi] uChance akakawuhlafuni umbhede,” kusho uMalin, enezela ngokuthi inja yakhe ithanda ukuphumuza ikhanda layo onqenqemeni lwekata..Uphinde waphawula ukuthi usayizi wokuhlanganisa ulingana kahle ne-Chance, njengoba enesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-100.Umbhede utholakala ngemibala eyisithupha okubalwa kuyo isage, osawolintshi ogqamile nophuzi.
Ukufinyelela umthunzi kubaluleke njengokunethezeka lapho inja yakho ingaphandle, futhi umbhede okhishwayo walo mbhede wenja unikeza ukuguquguquka kokusebenza kuzo zombili izindawo ezinomthunzi nezingavuliwe.Uma uhlala endaweni efudumele noma inja yakho ishisa kakhulu ngokushesha, ochwepheshe bethu bathi umbhede ophakeme ofana nalo, onesembozo semeshi ukuvumela umoya ukuba ujikeleze ngaphansi, kungaba inketho enhle.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemibhede yezinja emakethe, kusukela emibhedeni yokuhlobisa ehlangana nefenisha ekhaya lakho ukuya emibhedeni yamathambo esekelayo engenza izilwane ezifuywayo ezindala zikhululeke.Ukuthenga inja efanele inja yakho kungancika ezintweni ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa iminyaka yenja, usayizi, kanye nesimo sengqondo.
U-Hogan uhlonza izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zemibhede yezinja: eziyisisekelo nezomsebenzi.“Imibhede eyisisekelo yileyo ozoyithola endaweni yokulahla udoti e-Costco – usayizi owodwa, umumo owodwa, nomcamelo othambile nengubo yokulala,” esho, ephawula ukuthi le mibhede ibalulekile empilweni enhle yabancane, abanempilo. izinja ezikhubazekile.amathuba.izinkinga zokuhamba.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imibhede ekhethekile ivame ukuba usizo lapho kunesidingo sezokwelapha.Lolu hlobo lombhede luhlanganisa imibhede yamathambo neyokupholisa eyenzelwe ukuthuthukisa ukujikeleza nokululama.Ngokuyinhloko, “uhlobo lombhede luncike enjani ezoyiphakela,” kuphawula uHogan.
Ochwepheshe bethu batusa ukucabangela izici eziningana ezihlukene lapho uthenga umbhede wezinja, kufaka phakathi ubukhulu bombhede, izinga lokuguqa kanye nokufakwa.
Usayizi wombhede cishe unomthelela omkhulu ekutheni inja yakho izokhululeka kangakanani ukuyisebenzisa."Umbhede kufanele ube mkhulu ngokwanele ukuze isilwane sakho sinwebe ngokugcwele izitho zaso futhi siphumuze umzimba wonke kuwo, ngisho nezinzwane," kusho uWobble.Izinja ezincane ngokuvamile zingasebenzisa imibhede eklanyelwe izinhlobo ezinkulu uma nje zingagxuma ngaphandle kwezinkinga, kodwa “imibhede emincane ayisebenzi emizimbeni emikhulu,” kuphawula uHogan.
Uma inja yakho ingena ezingozini eziningi noma ithanda nje ukulala embhedeni ngemva kokuhamba ngodaka ikakhulukazi epaki, ungase uthande ukucabanga ngombhede onesembozo sangaphandle esikhiphekayo kanye nesembozo sangaphakathi esingenakunyakaziswa.UHogan uthi: “Ngenxa yokuthi izinja azicocekile kahle, ukuthola umbhede onokhava ongangeni manzi futhi ongawasheki kuyinto efiselekayo - abantu bakhetha izinto ezisendlini kunanoma yini okungenzeka ilele ngaphandle.Iphunga”.Imibhede ingabiza kakhulu, i-Waxlag igqamisa ukuthi isiphetho esiqinile, esimelana namanzi sizonweba impilo yombhede futhi siqinisekise ukuthi uthola inani lemali yakho.
Ngokungeziwe kusayizi ofanele, ukunethezeka ngokuvamile kuncike ekutholweni okwanele futhi ngokuvamile kuncike kusayizi wesilwane sakho esifuywayo, ukuhamba, kanye nempilo iyonke.I-Waxlag iphawula ukuthi umbhede okhethekile one-cushioning eyanele kanye ne-memory foam ungaba usizo olukhulu ezinjeni ezindala, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinesifo samathambo, izinkinga zezinzwa, nezinkinga zamathambo.UHogan wanezela: “Imidlwane emincane ayikudingi ukunakekelwa okuningi njengezinja ezinkulu ezinesifo samathambo, futhi ngokuvamile izinja ezingakwazi ukuhamba kahle zidinga igwebu eliqinile, eliwugqinsi ukuze zisekele imizimba yazo ngokunethezeka futhi zivikele izilonda zokulala.”
U-Fadl usitshela ukuthi imibhede ebhalwe ukuthi “imibhede yezinja yamathambo” yenziwe ngegwebu lekhwalithi ephezulu lamathambo, eligoqa amathambo namalunga futhi ngokuvamile okuyisinqumo esingcono kakhulu sezinja ezindala.“Ngeshwa, izinja eziningi ezinkulu ezindala zithanda ukulala phansi, okungaba nzima emalungeni azo - lokhu kungase kuhlobane nezindaba zokushisa, ngakho umbhede oklanyelwe ukugcina inja ipholile ungase ube umqondo omuhle.imibhede yezinja inalesi sici,” usho kanje.U-Nelson wengeza ngokuthi imibhede yamathambo enephrofayili ephansi ohlangothini olulodwa yenza ukufinyelela kube lula, ikakhulukazi njengoba izinja ezinesifo samathambo zithola kunzima ukuphakamisa izidladla zazo phezulu ngokwanele ukuze zifinyeleleke.
Kubalulekile futhi ukunaka ukushuba kwegwebu ukuze unqume ukuthi inja endala inikeza ukugoba okungakanani ngempela.“Noma yini enegwebu lenkumbulo elingu-1″ ingasho ukuthi iwumbhede wamathambo, kodwa abukho ubufakazi bangempela obuningi [ukuthi iyasiza ngempela] – iqiniso liwukuthi yonke igwebu lenkumbulo lingu-4″ kuya ku-1″ obukhulu.”ububanzi be-intshi bungaba yisinqumo esihle ngoba siyasiza kakhulu ekusabalaliseni ingcindezi,” kusho uWakschlag.
Imibhede yezinja yenziwe ngezinto ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ku-polyester ethambile yobuhle nokunethezeka kuya kwendwangu engagqoki futhi eqinile engangenwa izinhlamvu.Uthi: “Uma unenja ethanda ukuklebhula amathoyizi agxishiwe, imibhede yoboya ethambile, ethambile ngeke iphile, futhi imali yakho uyisebenzisela okuthile okuhlala isikhathi eside,” usho kanje.
Kufanele futhi uqaphele noma yiziphi izitsha noma izintambo ezinde ezibonakalayo embhedeni wakho, ochwepheshe bayasitshela."Izinja zithanda ukuhlafuna, futhi izinsimbi noma izintambo zingaba izinto zangaphandle ezinamathele eziswini nasemathunjini," kusho uHorgan.
Njengoba umbhede uwumthombo oyinhloko wokududuza kwesilwane sakho esifuywayo, okungakukhathazi kangako, izinga lokugquma embhedeni lingaba yisici esibalulekile kuye ngesimo sezulu ohlala kuso kanye nohlobo lwenja yakho - akufanele ibenze. kufudumele kakhulu.noma kubanda kakhulu.“Izinhlobo ezacile ezingenalo ijazi langaphansi, njengeWhippets noma i-Italian Greyhounds, zidinga ukufudumala okwengeziwe ezindaweni ezibandayo zasenyakatho, kuyilapho izinhlobo zase-Arctic ezindaweni ezishisayo zidinga izindawo zokupholisa ezengeziwe,” kuchaza uHogan.
Imibhede esiza ukugcina inja yakho ifudumele ingase yenziwe ngovolo noma ezinye izinto eziwugqinsi, futhi imibhede yokupholisa ingase yenziwe ngegwebu elipholisayo noma iphakame phansi (njengombhede onesisekelo esinemeshi), engasiza umoya ukuba ujikeleze ngaphansi. .
KwaKhetha, sisebenza nochwepheshe abanolwazi negunya ngokusekelwe ekuqeqeshweni okufanelekile kanye/noma ulwazi.Siphinde sithathe izinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke imibono nezincomo zochwepheshe zizimele futhi aziqukethe ukungqubuzana kwezezimali okufihlekile.
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© 2023 Ukukhethwa Wonke amalungelo agodliwe.Ukusebenzisa lesi sizindalwazi kuhlanganisa ukwamukela kwakho inqubomgomo yobumfihlo kanye nemigomo yesevisi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-17-2023
