Abanikazi abaningi bezilwane ezifuywayo bathi ukulala nezilwane ezifuywayo ekamelweni labo akulula futhi kuhle ukulala kwabo, futhi ucwaningo lwe-Mayo Clinic lwango-2017 lwathola ukuthi izinga lokulala labantu liye lathuthuka ngempela lapho izilwane ezifuywayo zisegumbini lokulala..Nokho, umbiko ubuye wathola ukuthi abanikazi bezilwane ezifuywayo balala kangcono uma izinja zabo zingekho embhedeni.Umbhede wenja uwutshalomali olukhulu oluzonikeza wena nenja yakho ubuthongo obuhle ebusuku, kanye nokubanikeza indawo yokuphumula lapho idinga ukuthatha isihlwathi noma ukuba yodwa phakathi nosuku.Ngokungafani nezinye izinto ezibalulekile zezinja njengokudla, ukuphatha kanye namathoyizi, izinja zokulala zizohlala iminyaka (kuze kube yilapho umdlwane wakho uwuphula).
Sikhulume nochwepheshe mayelana nezinzuzo zemibhede yezinja nokuthi yini okufanele uyicabangele lapho uthenga eyodwa ukuze ugcine inja yakho ikhululekile futhi ikhululekile.Siphinde sahlanganisa ezinye izinketho eziyintandokazi yabasebenzi kanye nezinketho ezinconywe uchwepheshe ukuze zicatshangelwe.
Imibhede yezinja ayibalulekile ngokobuchwepheshe empilweni yezinja eziningi, kodwa inikeza inja indawo yokuphumula enethezekile nephephile okungeyazo zodwa.
”Inzuzo yombhede wenja ukuthi inika inja indawo yomuntu siqu futhi iyenza izizwe iphephile.Kungasiza ekukhathazekeni, ikakhulukazi uma inja idinga ukuhamba, [ngoba] ungakwazi ukuhamba nombhede ukuze uthole ukunethezeka nokujwayelekile,” kusho uDkt. Gabrielle Fadl, umqondisi wokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo kwa-Bond Vet.UDkt. Joe Wakschlag, uprofesa wezokwelapha zemitholampilo, uthi ochwepheshe basitshela ukuthi udoti wezinja akufanele ube yimali enkulu emidlwaneni nezinja ezinempilo - futhi, ngokuvamile noma yimuphi udoti wezinja ovela esitolo sendawo uzokwenza. Ukuvuselelwa eCornell College of Veterinary Medicine.
Umbhede wenja yakho ungaba phansi, ekhejini elivulekile, nanoma yikuphi lapho ehlala khona lapho ezizwa evikelekile futhi ephephile.“Ikhaya liyindawo ephephile, “njengesisekelo” owawudlala kuso umacashelana lapho useyingane: uma usendaweni ephansi, akekho oyokubamba,” kusho uSarah Hogan, umqondisi wezokwelapha we-VCA.Ochwepheshe bezilwane zaseCalifornia (uSarah Hoggan, PhD) - uMurrieta.“Uma bekhathele bengafuni ukudlala bangalala bese betshela umndeni ukuthi bafuna ukuphumula,” engeza.Baphinde balale lapho bezizwa becindezelekile, ikakhulukazi phambi kwezivakashi, izingane, noma abantu abadala abajabule.
Nakuba abantu abaningi bekhetha ukulala nezilwane zabo ezifuywayo, kungaba yingozi ezinjeni uma zisencane kakhulu noma zine-arthritis, ikakhulukazi uma zisembhedeni ophakanyisiwe.“Imilenze yomdlwane ingama-intshi angu-6 kuya kwangu-8 kuphela ubude kanti ubude bombhede obujwayelekile bungama-intshi angu-24 – omatilasi abahle bavame ukuba bade.Ukugxuma izikhathi ezintathu kuya kwezine ubude bomlenze kungalimaza kalula umdlwane,” kusho uHogan.Ngisho noma umonakalo ungenzeki ngokushesha, ukusebenza ngokweqile kungabangela ukuba babe nesifo samathambo emhlane nasohlwini lwasebancane.Ezifuyweni ezinkulu, noma yikuphi ukugxuma okuphindaphindayo kungabangela isifo samathambo.“Kuphephe kakhudlwana futhi kukhululeke kakhudlwana ukuba nombhede wakho ophansi okulula ukungena nokuphuma kuwo,” kusho uHogan.
Ngezansi, sihlanganise izincomo zochwepheshe kanye nokukhethwa okukhethwe ngokucophelela kwemibhede yezinja eyintandokazi yabasebenzi ukuze ifanele zonke izidingo nezintandokazi zesilwane sakho.Umbhede ngamunye ongezansi ufika nekhava ekhiphekayo, egezekayo njengoba kunconywe ochwepheshe bethu futhi, ngaphandle kwalapho kuphawulwe ngenye indlela, iza ngosayizi abahlukahlukene ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inja yakho ihlala inethezekile embhedeni.
I-Waxlag ikholelwa ukuthi i-Casper Dog Bedding iyinketho ephephile ezinjeni eziningi njengoba yenziwe nge-memory foam ehlinzeka ngokusekela amalunga nezinqulu futhi esiza ekudambiseni ingcindezi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphinda kabili njengendlela yokugcina inja yakho ijabulile: Ngokusho komkhiqizo, ungqimba olwengeziwe lwempahla ye-microfiber egezekayo ilingisa umuzwa obambekayo wokungcola okuxekethile ukuze ikwazi ukuhambisa izidladla zayo ngaphandle kokwenza amaphutha.Uma zilala phansi, izinhlangothi zimbozwe ngamapayipi e-foam asebenza njengama-cushions asekelayo.Umbhede utholakala ngosayizi abathathu: omncane wezinja kufika kumakhilogremu angu-30, ophakathi kwezinja kufika kumakhilogremu angu-60, futhi omkhulu wezinja kufika kumakhilogremu angu-90.
Izinja ezincane, ngokuvamile ezingaphansi kwamakhilogremu angu-30, “ngokuvamile zithanda imibhede enemiphetho ephakanyisiwe ngisho nephakethe elingaphansi,” kusho u-Angie, umqeqeshi wezinja ogunyaziwe futhi oziphatha ngezinja, kusho u-Angela Logsdon-Hoover.Uma unenja encane, i-Cozy Cuddler iyisinqumo esihle kakhulu sokusiza inja yakho ukuthi izizwe iphephile futhi ingakhathazeki kangako ngenkathi uziphumulele: ngengubo eyakhelwe ngaphakathi, izindonga zoboya be-faux eziguquguqukayo kanye nengaphakathi elithambile, lo mbhede uvumela inja yakho ukuthi ibhoboze.noma welule ngokophawu.Yize i-duvet ingakhipheki, uhlobo luthi wonke umbhede ungawashwa ngomshini.
UBig Barker wenza imibhede yezinja ezinkulu ezinesisindo esiphakathi kwamakhilogremu angu-50 no-250 futhi unikeza izinhlobo ezintathu zemibhede engunxande: umbhede wemfashini, umbhede onesivalo sekhanda, nombhede usofa, eyokugcina ehlanganisa imicamelo ezinhlangothini ezintathu kwezine.Umbhede ngamunye uza nekhava ye-faux suede egezeka ngomshini eyenziwe ngegwebu lesiginesha yomkhiqizo, okuthiwa iklanyelwe ukumelana namajika ezinja ezinkulu.(NgokukaDkt. Dana Varble, umqondisi omkhulu wezilwane wenhlangano engenzi nzuzo yaseNorth American Veterinary Medical Association, inja inesisindo esiphakathi kwamakhilogremu angu-75 no-100.) Lo mkhiqizo uthi unikeza ne-lather yamahhala uma i-lather ihlezi noma icwila ebusweni bomzimba. .buyisela ngaphakathi.Iminyaka engu-10.Umbhede utholakala ngosayizi abathathu (Queen, XL kanye neJumbo) nemibala emine.
Umbhede wenja ethambile kaFrisco uyintandokazi yami kaBella's Havachon engu-16-pound.Uma elele, uthanda ukumisa ikhanda lakhe ohlangothini olusekelwe noma avele afihle ubuso bakhe embotsheni yombhede.I-ultra-luxury upholstery yalo mbhede yenza kube indawo ekhululekile yokuphumula phakathi nosuku.Indwangu yangaphandle iyi-faux suede ethambile e-khaki engathathi hlangothi noma ensundu.Umbhede utholakala ngosayizi abathathu: mncane (6.5″ high), medium (9″ high) kanye nendlovukazi (10″ high).
Umbhede wenja ye-Yeti ubiza kakhulu, kodwa empeleni unemibhede emibili kowodwa: unesisekelo esinamakhushini emaphethelweni ukuze inja yakho ikwazi ukulala endlini, kanye ne-ottoman ehlukanisekayo.Ingasetshenziswa njengombhede wenja ophathwayo lapho uthatha umngane wakho onoboya emgwaqeni.Ukuze ugeze isembozo sendwangu ngomshini, umane uvule uziphu bese uyisusa kusisekelo kanye nomata womgwaqo - phansi komata womgwaqo nawo awungenwa amanzi, futhi ungqimba olungaphansi olubunjwe yi-EVA lwesisekelo sasekhaya alungeni emanzini, ngokusho komkhiqizo.Ngokusho kuka-Yeti, uzinzile.Ngokungafani nezinye izinketho kulolu hlu, umbhede wenja ye-YETI uza ngosayizi owodwa kuphela: isisekelo singamayintshi angu-39 ubude nama-intshi angu-29 ububanzi, ngokohlobo.Umhleli omkhulu okhethiwe uMorgan Greenwald ushiyela inja yakhe engu-54 pounds, u-Susie umbhede ekamelweni lakhe, futhi uthi ukuphela kombhede angakawubhidlizi (okwamanje).
U-Nelson uncoma futhi lo mbhede wamathambo ovela ku-Orvis, onomcamelo ogcwele i-polyester enamacala amathathu;3.5″ ugqinsi oluvulekile lwe-foam padding;izinja zingena ziphuma kalula emotweni.U-Orvis uthi futhi iqukethe i-hypoallergenic evikela amanzi kanye nesivalo esiqinile sebanga lefenisha esivula iziphuphu ukuze kufinyeleleke kalula.Umbhede utholakala ngosayizi abane, kusukela komncane wezinja kufika kumakhilogremu angu-40 ukuya komkhulu ngokwengeziwe wezinja ezinesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-90 nangaphezulu, futhi utholakala ngemibala eyisishiyagalombili ehlukene.
Lo mbhede ovela e-Furhaven ufaka idizayini emise okuka-L enemicamelo yokujikijela kanye nalokho uhlobo olulubiza ngokuthi “idizayini yekhona likasofa” wenja yakho.Igoqwe nge-suede elula ukuyihlanza futhi inoboya benkohliso obuthambile ukuze ugcine inja yakho inethezekile, kusho uhlobo.Inomcamelo wegwebu wamathambo ukuze iwusekele, ochwepheshe abathi ungaba usizo ezinjeni ezindala.Umbhede utholakala ngamasayizi asukela kwabancane (abadlwane abafika kumakhilogremu angu-20) kuya koba mkhulu (ngezinja kufika kumakhilogremu angu-125).Ukuma kombhede ongunxande kukwenza kube inketho ekahle yokuyibeka ekhoneni legumbi eliyintandokazi yenja yakho, futhi usayizi wayo we-Jumbo Plus “ulungele inja enkulu njengethuba, nakuba ikati lami lithanda ukwelula nalo.”
UDkt. Kristen Nelson, udokotela wezilwane kanye nombhali wencwadi ethi In Fur: The Life of a Vet, uthi i-golden retriever yakhe u-Sally ithanda ukulala kulo matilasi we-LLBean uma kubanda ngoba ifudumele futhi iyawasheka, ikhava yoboya be-Shire Basque engu-100% evula uziphu kalula. ukuhlanza.Umbhede unezinhlangothi ezintathu zokusekela ezinikeza inja indawo yokuphumula.Umbhede utholakala ngosayizi abane, kusukela kwabancane (ngezinja ezinesisindo esingafika kumakhilogremu angu-25) ukuya kobukhulu kakhulu (ngezinja ezinesisindo esingamaphawundi angu-90 nangaphezulu).Uma ukhetha inketho yoboya bezimvu obungasekelwe, i-LLBean ikunikeza umbhede ongunxande ogxunyekiwe.
Umhleli wezokuxhumana ofakiwe uSadhana Daruvuri uthi inja yakhe u-Bandit ithanda umbhede oyindilinga othokomele kusukela ngosuku eyafika ngalo ekhaya - ithanda ukuzisonga kuwo lapho ilala emini noma idlala ngamathoyizi ayo.“Ngithanda ukuthi kulula kangakanani ukuhlanza,” kusho uDaruwuri."Ngisanda kuyibeka emshinini wokuwasha endaweni ethambile."Ngokusho komkhiqizo, umbhede umbozwe ngendwangu yoboya be-vegan futhi unemifantu ejulile ukuze isilwane sakho simbe.Umkhiqizo uthi utholakala ngosayizi abahlanu, kusukela kwencane kunazo zonke ezifuywayo kufika kumakhilogremu angu-7 ukuya kwenkulu kunazo zonke ezifuywayo ezifika kumaphawundi angu-150.Ungaphinda ukhethe emibaleni emine okuhlanganisa iTaupe (beige), Frost (white), Ushokoledi Omnyama (unsundu ngokumnyama) noCandy Cotton (opinki).
Imisebenzi yasemuva noma uhambo lokukhempa ludinga umbhede ongavimbeli amanzi kuphela, kodwa ongamelana nezakhi futhi ugcine inja yakho iphephile – lo mbhede ongagezeki, ophathekayo futhi ongenamanzi ulingana nesikweletu.Umlobi osaziwayo uZoe Malin uthe inja yakhe uChance yayikuthanda ukuzihlalela nomndeni wayo, ngakho bamthengela lo mbhede, bawubeka kuvulandi base bephumela nawo egcekeni.“Ingcola kakhulu, kodwa ungasikhumula isivalo usisule, okuyinto enhle,” usho kanje.Ngokusho komkhiqizo, i-upholstery yangaphakathi yombhede yenziwe ngegwebu lememori ye-4-inch thermoregulating gel futhi ifaka i-coating engangeni manzi noziphu ukuze imelane nezakhi.Ngokusho komkhiqizo, ubukhulu obuphakathi bufanele izinja kufika kumakhilogremu angu-40, usayizi omkhulu wezinja kuze kufike kumakhilogremu angu-65, kanti usayizi we-XL ngowezinja kufika kumakhilogremu angu-120.
I-Kuranda Standard Dog Bed ingenye yezintandokazi zikaNelson ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okumangalisayo.Uthi: “Ngesikhathi [uSally] esengumdlwane, okuwukuphela kombhede ayengawuhlafuni kwakuwumbhede kaKuranda wasesiteji.Ngokomkhiqizo, umbhede uklanyelwe izinja ezinesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-100, ungasetshenziswa ngaphakathi nangaphandle, futhi unohlaka oluqinile, olukwazi ukumelana ne-polypolymer olungeke lucime lapho zivezwa emisebeni yelanga ye-UV.Futhi ilungele noma yisiphi isimo sezulu, ngohlobo oluthi ukuzungeza komoya ngaphansi kombhede kusiza ukugcina inja ipholile ehlobo futhi iyisuse phansi ebandayo ebusika.Ungakhetha kosayizi abahlukene abayisithupha, izinhlobo ezine zezindwangu ezihlukene (okuhlanganisa i-vinyl duty esindayo, inayiloni ebushelelezi, inayiloni eqoshiwe kanye ne-street mesh) nemibala emithathu yendwangu.
Uma ufuna umbhede oyisisekelo wenja enempilo noma umdlwane, ochwepheshe bethu bathi imibhede eminingi iyisinqumo esihle futhi esinethezekile.Lokhu okuhlukile kunephethini ye-chevron ejabulisayo kanye nesembozo esiwashekayo.Itholakala ngamasayizi amane ukusuka kwabancane kuye kwabakhulu kakhulu.“Noma ubani onelebhu uyazi ukuthi yonke into iphenduka ithoyizi lokuhlafunwa, okuhlanganisa nombhede, [futhi] uChance akakawuhlafuni umbhede,” kusho uMalin, enezela ngokuthi inja yakhe ithanda ukuphumuza ikhanda layo onqenqemeni lwekata..Uphinde waphawula ukuthi usayizi wokuhlanganisa ulingana kahle ne-Chance njengoba enesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-100.Umbhede utholakala ngemibala eyisithupha okubalwa kuyo isage, osawolintshi ogqamile nophuzi.
Uma inja yakho ingaphandle, ukufinyelela emthunzini kubaluleke ngokufanayo njengokunethezeka, futhi i-canopy yombhede wenja ekhishwayo ivumela kokubili izikhala ezinomthunzi nezingafakwanga umthunzi.Uma uhlala endaweni efudumele noma inja yakho ishisa kakhulu ngokushesha, ochwepheshe bethu bathi umbhede ophakeme ofana nalo onesembozo semeshi ukuvumela umoya ukuba ujikeleze ngaphansi kungaba inketho enhle.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zemibhede yezinja emakethe, kusukela emibhedeni yokuhlobisa ehlangana nefenisha ekhaya lakho ukuya ekusekeleni, imibhede yamathambo eyenza izilwane ezifuywayo ezindala zikhululeke.Ukukhetha inja efanele inja yakho kungancika ezintweni ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa iminyaka yenja, usayizi, kanye nesimo sengqondo.
U-Hogan uhlonza izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zemibhede yezinja: eziyisisekelo nezomsebenzi.“Imibhede eyisisekelo yileyo oyoyithola endaweni yokulahla imfucuza e-Costco – usayizi owodwa, umumo owodwa, umcamelo othambile kanye nengubo yokulala,” esho, ephawula ukuthi le mibhede ibalulekile ekukhetheni okuhle ezinjeni ezisencane, eziphile saka. amathuba alinganiselwe.izinkinga zokuhamba.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imibhede ekhethekile ivame ukuba usizo lapho kunesidingo sezokwelapha.Lolu hlobo lombhede luhlanganisa imibhede yamathambo neyokupholisa eyenzelwe ukuthuthukisa ukujikeleza nokululama.Ngokuyisisekelo, “uhlobo lombhede luncike enjani ezoyiphakela,” kuphawula uHogan.
Ochwepheshe bethu batusa ukuthi ucabangele ukucaciswa okuningana okuhlukile lapho uthenga umbhede wenja, okufaka phakathi usayizi wombhede, i-cushioning kanye nokufakwa kwe-insulation.
Usayizi wombhede cishe unomthelela omkhulu ekutheni inja yakho izokhululeka kangakanani ukuyisebenzisa."Umbhede kufanele ube mkhulu ngokwanele ukuze isilwane sakho sinwebe ngokugcwele izitho zaso futhi siphumule umzimba wonke embhedeni, ngisho nezinzwane zabo," kusho uWobble.Izinja ezincane ngokuvamile zingasebenzisa imibhede eyenzelwe izinhlobo ezinkulu, inqobo nje uma zingagxumela kuyo ngaphandle kwenkinga, kodwa “imibhede emincane ayisebenzi emizimbeni emikhulu,” kuphawula uHogan.
Uma inja yakho inezingozi ezivamile noma ithanda nje ukulala embhedeni ngemva kohambo olungcolile lokuya epaki, ungase uthande ukucabanga ngombhede onesembozo sangaphandle esikhiphekayo kanye nesembozo sangaphakathi esingenakunyakaziswa.UHogan uthi: “Ngenxa yokuthi izinja azicocekile kangako, kuyatuseka ukuthi uthenge umbhede onokhava ongangeni manzi futhi ongawasheki - abantu bakhetha izinto ezisekhaya kunanoma yini engagibela emgwaqweni.Iphunga”.Izintengo zombhede zingaba phezulu, i-Waxlag igqamisa ukuthi isiphetho esiqinile, esimelana namanzi sizonweba impilo yombhede futhi siqinisekise ukuthi uthola inani lemali yakho.
Ngokungeziwe kusayizi ofanele, ukunethezeka ngokuvamile kuncike ekutholweni okwanele futhi kuvame ukuncika kusayizi wesilwane esifuywayo, ukuhamba, kanye nempilo iyonke.Umbhede ozinikele one-cushioning eyanele kanye ne-memory foam ungaba usizo kakhulu ezinjeni ezindala, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinesifo samathambo, izinkinga zezinzwa nezamathambo, amanothi e-Wakschlag.“Imidlwane emincane ayidingi ukugonywa okuningi njengenja emikhulu enesifo samathambo, futhi ngokuvamile izinja ezingakwazi ukuhamba kahle zidinga igwebu eliqinile, eliwugqinsi ukuze zisekele imizimba yazo ngokunethezeka futhi zivikele izilonda zokucindezela.”
U-Fadl usitshela ukuthi imibhede ebhalwe ukuthi “imibhede yezinja yamathambo” yenziwe ngegwebu lekhwalithi ephezulu lamathambo eligoqa amathambo namalunga futhi ngokuvamile iyisinqumo esingcono kakhulu sezinja ezindala.“Ngeshwa, izinja eziningi ezinkulu ezindala zithanda ukulala phansi, okungaba nzima emalungeni azo - lokhu kungase kuhlobane nezindaba zokushisa, ngakho umbhede oklanyelwe ukugcina inja ipholile ungase ube umqondo omuhle.Imibhede yezinja inalesi sici,” usho kanje.Imibhede yamathambo enephrofayili ephansi ohlangothini olulodwa ingenza ukufinyelela kube lula, ikakhulukazi ngoba izinja ezinesifo samathambo zinobunzima bokuphakamisa izidladla zazo phezulu ngokwanele ukuze zifinyeleleke, uNelson uyanezela.
Kubalulekile futhi ukunaka ukushuba kwegwebu ukuze unqume ukuthi inja endala ihlinzeka ngenani elingakanani ngempela.“Noma yini enegwebu eliyi-intshi elingu-1 lenkumbulo izothi iwumbhede wamathambo, kodwa abukho ubufakazi bangempela obuningi [ukuthi iyasiza ngempela] — iqiniso liwukuthi yonke igwebu lenkumbulo liphakathi kwamayintshi angu-4 no-1 ubukhulu.”I-inch range ingaba yisinqumo esihle ngoba isiza kakhulu ekusabalaliseni ingcindezi,” kusho uWakschlag.
Imibhede yezinja yenziwe ngezinto ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ku-polyester ethambile yobuhle nokunethezeka, kuya kwendwangu ye-ballistic egqoke kanzima futhi ehlala isikhathi eside.Uthi: “Uma unenja ethanda ukuklebhula amathoyizi agxishiwe, imibhede yoboya ethambile, ethambile ngeke iphile, futhi imali yakho uyisebenzisela okuthile okuhlala isikhathi eside,” usho kanje.
Ochwepheshe basitshela ukuthi kufanele futhi uqaphele izinsephe noma izintambo ezinde ezibonakala embhedeni wakho."Izinja zithanda ukuhlafuna, futhi izinselele noma izintambo zingaba izinto zangaphandle ezinomugqa ezigcina zisesiswini nasemathunjini," kusho uHorgan.
Njengoba umbhede uwumthombo oyinhloko wenduduzo yesilwane sakho esifuywayo, esingakukhathazi kangako, izinga lokuvala umbhede lingaba yisici esibalulekile kuye ngesimo sezulu ohlala kuso kanye nohlobo lwenja yakho - akufanele kumenze athole. kushisa kakhulu.noma kubanda kakhulu.“Izinhlobo ezacile ezingenalo ijazi langaphansi, njengama-Whippets noma ama-Greyhound ase-Italian, adinga ukufudumala okwengeziwe ezindaweni ezibandayo zasenyakatho, kuyilapho izinhlobo zase-Arctic zidinga izindawo zokupholisa ezengeziwe ezindaweni ezishisayo,” kuchaza uHogan.
Imibhede esiza ukugcina inja yakho ifudumele ingase yenziwe ngovolo noma ezinye izinto eziwugqinsi, futhi imibhede yokupholisa ingase yenziwe ngegwebu elipholisayo noma iphakame phansi (njengombhede onesisekelo esinemeshi), engasiza ukugeleza komoya ngaphansi. .
KwaKhetha, sisebenza nochwepheshe abanolwazi negunya ngokusekelwe ekuqeqeshweni okufanelekile kanye/noma ulwazi.Siphinde sithathe izinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke imibono nezincomo zochwepheshe zizimele futhi aziqukethe ukungqubuzana kwezezimali okungadalulwanga.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-26-2023
